Educations for Empowering

 Arid expanse of dry land and rocky limestone mountain bumps along the road between Kamal until Sumenep can still be seen.

The first impression for people who witnessed the scene how Madura is a great place especially arid dry seasons are almost no longer shady greenery adorn the earth Madura nan useful for people, land and wildlife. Become stunted bushes leafless skeleton stay even-covered rocks  not found.
  That picture of the island of Madura, which has an area of ​​5168 km2, stretching to the east along the 200 km. Most of the land in this hilly island is geologically a yellow red Mediterranean soil (70%) and alluvial or clay (15%) that can be used for crops and tobacco, very few fields that can be harvested twice a year due to at least a source of water and low rainfall and long nemor season (dry)-It happens in the story said Madsura society - due to forest destruction that took place in the past. However, there is no one who says plainly informasipun when the destruction of the forest.
  According to legend the records of the explorers from abroad illustrates that the earth Madura before the decade of eighties of the 19th century and segundul setandus not at the time afterwards. Although Madura rocky earth, but it is quite fertile. Small big trees grow everywhere. Rivers as a source of irrigation flows everywhere. Even the area which is now the city as never revealed Pamekasan. Soetjipto; was once a puddle. Later the swamps were considered sacred by the community. Pamekasan swamp, "padhadhekan langkung punang kramat". This indicates that the area before it became a city is a fertile area of ​​many sources of water.
  Is Domis, a Dutch explorer in 1836, when it passes through and explore various towns and villages in Madura, he discovered that the village Sumenep and Bangkalan a fairly regular basis, communities quite prosperous. Even home the crown prince (kroonprins) Bangkalan very nice and luxurious. Similarly, a very densely populated predominantly indigenous. While the settlement does not mean China and Europe.
  It is not clear since when Madura was barren. According to the oral stories of the Madurese, that the earth  Madura started since the Dutch colonization. Mohammad Noer eg: Madura said that deforestation began in the 18th century by the Dutch to lose some Madurese its natural resources. Thus Madurese easily retrieved and brought to Java to work on plantations, which opened the Netherlands, especially in some areas in East Java East as part of Banyuwangi, Jember and surrounding areas. Similar delivered by K. Thabit (Sumenep) that logging operations were meant to be easily persuaded Madurese and used as porters power in some areas in East Java, so that many residents found in the area: Banyuwangi, Jember, Bondowoso, Situbondo, Panarukan Lumajang, Malang and Pasuruan is Madurese .
  The opinions above are then taken for granted without verifiable, so it is with some asumption that the Madurese who now in habit the eastern part of East Java are the remitants of Madurese who needs to be porters by the Dutch verifiable. In study ever done that Madurese migration to some areas is much happened since several centuries before the supposed beginning of the ongoing forest clearance by the Dutch.
 Deforestation initially was intended to expand the farms and plantations. Forest clearing by the Dutch government through the process of considering the real potential of the Madurese to see who has the spirit and high work ethic to work on farms and plantations. Is not Dutch it as a colonialist nation in addition to mastering the area and the people of Madura, jugfa definitely want to enjoy the wealth of the area, one of which comes from agricultural and plantation? But the fact speaks another, after pembabtan forest and plantation agriculture was not obtained Madurese community, but rather a continuous soil erosion resulting damage and landslides due to the absence of forests as a reservoir of water and trees as a buffer land.
 Businesses cope with these impacts actually been implemented. In 1923 for example, has implemented reforestation, once considered a threat due to the preservation of nature and people velfare, but the program does not run seriously so not significant. The fate of the Madurese even more tragic during the Japanese occupation that no longer care about the bawdy nature of Madura who already scarred. Reforestation efforts during the Japanese are no longer carried out, economic conditions become more critical. Such conditions result in harvesting the remaining plants, resulting in the barren earth Madura and heat, water debiet decline, many water sources dry up. The new reforestation efforts undertaken after the proclamation of independence, with the planting of trees that live long, such as: coconut, mango, kapok and other-assessments. It's reforestation purposes in addition to preventing soil erosion, increase water debiet, also to increase the income of fruit. But again, these efforts suffered the same fate as previous efforts. In the years 1962-1967 occurred on a large logging because of increased demand for wood fuel, the result being denuded and desolate earth Madura inevitable.
  That's what then distinguishes the fate of the island of Java and Madura to the other islands. In contrast to Java, Madura less fortunate fate. Economically the island is left far behind the other neighbor. Natural conditions are so barren, forcing Madurese migration to other regions to seek new and better life. Plus more limited means of transportation that many rely on boats and ships of less verry allows smooth mobilization of the economic life of the Madurese.
  It is very difficult to find a certainty when the beginning of the Madurese migration. Soetjipto suspect that the migration of both individual and group / collective has occurred in succession over the centuries. And certainly that the migration to Java is part of the Madurese. Kuntowijoyo in his research report that, in 1806 has there Madurese villages in the eastern corner of residency, residency of Java; 25 villages in Pasuruan, Probolinggo three villages, 22 villages in Puger, and a village in Panarukan, with a population of 1055. 915. The number of the population each year tends to increase (double). In Sumenep for example in 1867 recorded 20,000 people are officially excused migration. That amount does not include those who leave without permission. The highest numbers of migrant Madurese population found in the eastern districts of East Java. It happens especially after the opening of plantations in East Java and Madura to attract people to become workers in the new land. In Probolonggo for example, in 1855 the number of migrant Madurese population growth of 281,294 occur at about 10 560 (39%) from the previous year (1844) which amounted to 270,734. Even the official government report reported that the new settlers in Probolinggo Madurese totaled 13 974 (5.19%).